BABYLONIAN ASTRONOMY



Babylonian mythology is based on the belief of different myths, legends and religions; it arose in the second millennium BCE. The belief in these gods became so strong that it caused the birth of a city.

During the second millennium B.C. many tribes got together and decided to lead a peaceful life without anguish, they settled in what is now known as Syria and, together with the code of Hammurabi, Babylon was established as a city.


For the Chaldeans, cultural heirs of the Sumerians, the Universe was a completely closed region. The Earth was flat, it was made up of immense plains with a huge mountain in the center and it floated on a great sea, which was a space forbidden to men and was called the waters of death.
Heaven had been built by Marduk, out of hard, polished metal that reflected sunlight during the day. When night came, it took on a dark blue color because it became a curtain where the gods represented the planets, the Moon and the stars.


                                               Gardens of Babylon

 The Chaldeans believed that the heavenly bodies had been placed there by the gods for the benefit of human beings, and they believed that the stars and planets contained mysterious knowledge that men could discover by studying their movement.









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TIAMAT

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  TIAMAT  is the primordial goddess of the "salt sea" belonging to Babylonian mythology, also associated with a primordial monster of chaos mentioned in the epic poem Enûma Elish. Ti means life and loves, mother.1 Regarding her appearance, she is usually identified with the appearance of a gigantic serpent or sea dragon. In ancient Babylonian religion, Tiamat is a primordial goddess of the salty sea, who unites with Abzû, the god of fresh water, to produce younger gods. She is the symbol of the chaos of primordial creation. She is referred to as a woman and is described as the shimmering one. It is suggested that there are two parts to the Tiamat myths, the first in which Tiamat is a creator goddess, through a sacred marriage between salt and fresh water, peacefully creating the cosmos through successive generations. In the second Chaoskampf, Tiamat is considered the monstrous incarnation of primordial chaos. Some sources identify her with images of a sea serpent or a dragon.
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The epic of Ammisaduqa

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  The epic of Ammisaduqa In Marduk's absence, Erra plots to devastate Babylon, turning its cities into a desert, desecrating its sacred shrines, leaving its royal palaces in ruins, and sowing strife between families. Ishum intervenes and twice tries, to no avail, to change Erra's mind. In his third attempt he passionately describes the perverse effect of the devastation of Babylon. "He who is ignorant of weapons draws his sword, He who does not know the battle makes war, The one who does not know the wings flies like a bird, the weak protects the one who has strength, the fat man outruns the runner." Ishum reports that Marduk himself has cried "oh!", his heart breaking. Throughout Babylon, in Sippar, Uruk, and Der, the people are at war and the country devastated. It concludes: "O warrior Erra, you have put the just to death, you have put the unjust to death. You have put to death the man who had offended you, You have put to death the man who had not o...
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NERGAL

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Nergal or Nirgal is the Sumerian-Babylonian god of the underworld and lord of the dead,1 being considered the sinister aspect of the sun god Utu. He rules the underworld alongside his consort, Ereshkigal. He appears as the son of Enlil and Ninlil, and according to legend, was fathered when Enlil was confined to the underworld for a period of time for raping Ninlil. When Ninlil goes to ask for Enlil (to the city of the underworld). He used to be represented by a human figure. In the E.mes.lam temple, the cult of Nergal was attributed, although the tablet BM 96952 included the name of the god Meslamtiea, who was identified with Nergal.2​3​4​5​6​
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