MUSHUSSU

 

The mušḫuššu (𒈲𒄭𒄊, from the Sumerian MUŠ.HUŠ = Red/furious serpent-dragon)1​2​3​ is a creature typical of Mesopotamian mythology. .
It was a symbol of different divinities: at first it was associated with the god Ninazu, who was venerated in Ešnunna (a Sumerian city and then an Akkadian one), and then it was associated with the god Tishpak. When this city-state was defeated by the Babylonian kingdom, the dragon/serpent was retaken by Marduk.

Previously "Mušḫuššu" had been translated as sîr-ruššû, although incorrectly.5 It appears on the reconstructed Ištar Gate in the city of Babylon, as a symbol of the god Marduk.


The Sumerian word muš-ḫuš appears as a loanword in the Akkadian language since the paleo-Babylonian period6 meaning angry serpent or hideous serpent.7 Although the correct transliteration is Mušḫuššu, early researchers incorrectly read it as sîr-ruššû or sirrush, (loosely translated as "splendor serpent"[citation needed]) being very widespread today.

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