MUSHUSSU

 

The mušḫuššu (𒈲𒄭𒄊, from the Sumerian MUŠ.HUŠ = Red/furious serpent-dragon)1​2​3​ is a creature typical of Mesopotamian mythology. .
It was a symbol of different divinities: at first it was associated with the god Ninazu, who was venerated in Ešnunna (a Sumerian city and then an Akkadian one), and then it was associated with the god Tishpak. When this city-state was defeated by the Babylonian kingdom, the dragon/serpent was retaken by Marduk.

Previously "Mušḫuššu" had been translated as sîr-ruššû, although incorrectly.5 It appears on the reconstructed Ištar Gate in the city of Babylon, as a symbol of the god Marduk.


The Sumerian word muš-ḫuš appears as a loanword in the Akkadian language since the paleo-Babylonian period6 meaning angry serpent or hideous serpent.7 Although the correct transliteration is Mušḫuššu, early researchers incorrectly read it as sîr-ruššû or sirrush, (loosely translated as "splendor serpent"[citation needed]) being very widespread today.

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TIAMAT

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  TIAMAT  is the primordial goddess of the "salt sea" belonging to Babylonian mythology, also associated with a primordial monster of chaos mentioned in the epic poem Enûma Elish. Ti means life and loves, mother.1 Regarding her appearance, she is usually identified with the appearance of a gigantic serpent or sea dragon. In ancient Babylonian religion, Tiamat is a primordial goddess of the salty sea, who unites with Abzû, the god of fresh water, to produce younger gods. She is the symbol of the chaos of primordial creation. She is referred to as a woman and is described as the shimmering one. It is suggested that there are two parts to the Tiamat myths, the first in which Tiamat is a creator goddess, through a sacred marriage between salt and fresh water, peacefully creating the cosmos through successive generations. In the second Chaoskampf, Tiamat is considered the monstrous incarnation of primordial chaos. Some sources identify her with images of a sea serpent or a dragon.
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The epic of Ammisaduqa

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  The epic of Ammisaduqa In Marduk's absence, Erra plots to devastate Babylon, turning its cities into a desert, desecrating its sacred shrines, leaving its royal palaces in ruins, and sowing strife between families. Ishum intervenes and twice tries, to no avail, to change Erra's mind. In his third attempt he passionately describes the perverse effect of the devastation of Babylon. "He who is ignorant of weapons draws his sword, He who does not know the battle makes war, The one who does not know the wings flies like a bird, the weak protects the one who has strength, the fat man outruns the runner." Ishum reports that Marduk himself has cried "oh!", his heart breaking. Throughout Babylon, in Sippar, Uruk, and Der, the people are at war and the country devastated. It concludes: "O warrior Erra, you have put the just to death, you have put the unjust to death. You have put to death the man who had offended you, You have put to death the man who had not o...
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NERGAL

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Nergal or Nirgal is the Sumerian-Babylonian god of the underworld and lord of the dead,1 being considered the sinister aspect of the sun god Utu. He rules the underworld alongside his consort, Ereshkigal. He appears as the son of Enlil and Ninlil, and according to legend, was fathered when Enlil was confined to the underworld for a period of time for raping Ninlil. When Ninlil goes to ask for Enlil (to the city of the underworld). He used to be represented by a human figure. In the E.mes.lam temple, the cult of Nergal was attributed, although the tablet BM 96952 included the name of the god Meslamtiea, who was identified with Nergal.2​3​4​5​6​
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